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What we do

Research

We work with cooperative multi-robot systems that can scale to robot swarms. Our projects cover aerial robots that cooperate through physical interaction and resilient multi-robot networks.

01 / The Catenary Robot

Collaborative manipulation

From ancient times, humans have been using cables and ropes to carry, tie, and manipulate physical objects. Transporting objects using aerial robots has been widely studied in the literature. Still, those approaches always assume that the connection between the quadrotor and the load is made in a previous stage. We propose a versatile robot called “Catenary Robot.” Our robot is able to navigate in the environment to get attached to objects with a hook-like shape or Drag/Rotate objects. Further, this new platform allows aerial robots to perform non-apprehensive object manipulation and perform actions such as push, drag, and roll.

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Collaborative manipulation
  1. Four aerial robots connected by interlacing cables, with ellipsoids illustrating the hitch constraints.
    2026Conference paper

    From Ellipsoids to Midair Control of Dynamic Hitches

    Jiawei Xu, Subhrajit Bhattacharya, David Saldaña

    2026 American Control Conference (ACC)

    BibTeX
    @inproceedings{xu2026ellipsoids,
      title={From Ellipsoids to Midair Control of Dynamic Hitches},
      author={Xu, Jiawei and Bhattacharya, Subhrajit and Saldaña, David},
      booktitle={2026 American Control Conference (ACC)},
      year={2026},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.08116}
    }
  2. Four quadrotors lifting a cylindrical object secured by interlaced cables.
    2026Journal article

    From Hitch to Lift: Autonomous Cable Interlacing by Multi-UAV Teams for Aerial Grasping and Transportation

    Diego S. D'Antonio, Tongshu Wu, Subhrajit Bhattacharya, David Saldaña

    IEEE Transactions on Robotics

    BibTeX
    @article{2026-from-hitch-to-lift-autonomous-cable-interlacing-by-multi-uav-teams-for-aerial-grasping-and-transportation,
      title = {From Hitch to Lift: Autonomous Cable Interlacing by Multi-UAV Teams for Aerial Grasping and Transportation},
      author = {Diego S. D'Antonio and Tongshu Wu and Subhrajit Bhattacharya and David Saldaña},
      year = {2026},
      journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics},
      doi = {10.1109/tro.2026.3677011}
    }

02 / ModQuad & H-ModQuad

Modular aerial robots

The principle behind our modular aerial robots is having minimalistic modules that can fly and self-assemble to form a more capable vehicle that can adapt to different task requirements. Currently, our modular aerial vehicles, H-ModQuad, include two types and four versions. Our work is focused on tasks such as on-flight reconfiguration, increasing controllable DoF, and forming collaborative manipulations. We are also working on integrating tools and different manipulators as part of the modular system.

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Modular aerial robots
  1. A fully actuated H-ModQuad modular multirotor flying at an angle.
    2025Journal article

    Modular Multirotors: From Quadrotors to Fully-Actuated Aerial Vehicles

    Jiawei Xu, Diego S. D'Antonio, David Saldaña

    IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering

    BibTeX
    @article{2025-modular-multirotors-from-quadrotors-to-fully-actuated-aerial-vehicles,
      title = {Modular Multirotors: From Quadrotors to Fully-Actuated Aerial Vehicles},
      author = {Jiawei Xu and Diego S. D'Antonio and David Saldaña},
      year = {2025},
      journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering},
      pages = {19328-19339},
      volume = {22},
      doi = {10.1109/tase.2025.3594579},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3594579}
    }
  2. Examples of modular robot architectures: Polybot, Crystalline, modular robotic boats, and MTRAN III.
    2025Book chapter

    Reconfigurable Systems

    David Saldaña, Gedaliah Knizhnik, Bruno Gabrich, Mark Yim

    Encyclopedia of Robotics

    BibTeX
    @incollection{2025-reconfigurable-systems,
      title = {Reconfigurable Systems},
      author = {David Saldaña and Gedaliah Knizhnik and Bruno Gabrich and Mark Yim},
      year = {2025},
      booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Robotics},
      url = {https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=VU1s_Z8AAAAJ&citation_for_view=VU1s_Z8AAAAJ:sNmaIFBj_lkC}
    }
  3. Two modular quadrotor units approaching one another for midair assembly.
    2018Conference paper

    ModQuad: The Flying Modular Structure that Self-Assembles in Midair

    David Saldaña, Bruno Gabrich, Guanrui Li, Mark Yim, Vijay Kumar

    2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

    BibTeX
    @inproceedings{icra18modquad,
    
    title = {ModQuad: The Flying Modular Structure that Self-Assembles in Midair},
    
    author = {David Saldaña and Bruno Gabrich and Guanrui Li and Mark Yim and Vijay Kumar},
    
    url = {https://youtu.be/t9kXrhDwXf0},
    
    doi = {10.1109/ICRA.2018.8461014},
    
    issn = {2577-087X},
    
    year  = {2018},
    
    date = {2018-05-01},
    
    urldate = {2018-05-01},
    
    booktitle = {2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
    
    pages = {691-698},
    
    keywords = {aerial robot, modquad, modular robots, multi-rotor, quadrotor, self-reconfiguration algorithms},
    
    pubstate = {published},
    
    tppubtype = {inproceedings}
    
    }

03

Lighter Than Air (LTA) Swarms

Lightweight, energy-efficient aerial vehicles and platforms for multi-robot autonomy.

  1. MochiSwarm robotic blimps flying through a realistic indoor test environment.
    2025Conference paper

    MochiSwarm: A testbed for robotic blimps in realistic environments

    Jiawei Xu, Thong Vu, Diego S. D’Antonio, David Saldaña

    IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

    BibTeX
    @inproceedings{2025-mochiswarm,
      title = {MochiSwarm: A testbed for robotic blimps in realistic environments},
      author = {Jiawei Xu and Thong Vu and Diego S. D’Antonio and David Saldaña},
      year = {2025},
      booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
      url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03077}
    }
  2. The Spinning Blimp flying indoors with its red helium envelope and rotating wing.
    2025Conference paper

    The Spinning Blimp: Design and Control of a Novel Minimalist Aerial Vehicle Leveraging Rotational Dynamics and Locomotion

    Leonardo Santens, Diego S. D’Antonio, Shuhang Hou, David Saldaña

    IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

    BibTeX
    @inproceedings{2025-spinning-blimp,
      title = {The Spinning Blimp: Design and Control of a Novel Minimalist Aerial Vehicle Leveraging Rotational Dynamics and Locomotion},
      author = {Leonardo Santens and Diego S. D’Antonio and Shuhang Hou and David Saldaña},
      year = {2025},
      booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
      url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.04112}
    }
  3. A KT-Imitation ground robot following reference and imitated paths with visual keypoints overlaid.
    2024Conference paper

    KT-Imitation: Efficient Visual Imitation for Autonomous Navigation Based on Keypoint Timeline

    Karen Li, Hanqing Qi, Jiawei Xu, Edward Jeffs, David Saldaña

    2024 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS)

    BibTeX
    @inproceedings{2024-kt-imitation-efficient-visual-imitation-for-autonomous-navigation-based-on-keypoint-timeline,
      title = {KT-Imitation: Efficient Visual Imitation for Autonomous Navigation Based on Keypoint Timeline},
      author = {Karen Li and Hanqing Qi and Jiawei Xu and Edward Jeffs and David Saldaña},
      year = {2024},
      booktitle = {2024 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS)},
      doi = {10.1109/lars64411.2024.10786409}
    }
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04 / Coordination at scale

Resilient robot swarms

The communication network of a distributed system is an essential part of coordination. Robots can achieve agreements by only using nearest neighbor communication, but such systems rely on the fact that all robots in the network are cooperative. As a consequence, large networks, composed of thousands of robots, are susceptible to failure when one or a small number of robots share wrong information. These non-cooperative robots can be defective (e.g., a robot with a malfunctioning location sensor) or attackers (e.g., a malicious outsider controlling a few robots and trying to manipulate the whole network). In both cases, the divergent wrong information in the distributed system directly impacts the possibility to complete the task.

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Resilient robot swarms
  1. Diagram of robots gathering trust observations and sharing trust vectors to identify malicious robots.
    2025Journal article

    quasi-Dynamic Crowd Vetting: Collaborative Detection of Malicious Robots in Dynamic Communication Networks

    Matthew Cavorsi, Frederik Mallmann-Trenn, David Saldaña, Stephanie Gil

    IEEE Transactions on Robotics

    BibTeX
    @article{2025-quasi-dynamic-crowd-vetting-collaborative-detection-of-malicious-robots-in-dynamic-communication-networks,
      title = {quasi-Dynamic Crowd Vetting: Collaborative Detection of Malicious Robots in Dynamic Communication Networks},
      author = {Matthew Cavorsi and Frederik Mallmann-Trenn and David Saldaña and Stephanie Gil},
      year = {2025},
      journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics},
      pages = {5533-5549},
      volume = {41},
      doi = {10.1109/tro.2025.3608702},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2025.3608702}
    }
  2. Dynamic agents moving around a circular trajectory.
    2017Conference paper

    Resilient consensus for time-varying networks of dynamic agents

    David Saldaña, Amanda Prorok, Shreyas Sundaram, Mario F. M. Campos, Vijay Kumar

    2017 American Control Conference (ACC)

    BibTeX
    @inproceedings{7962962,
    
    title = {Resilient consensus for time-varying networks of dynamic agents},
    
    author = {David Saldaña and Amanda Prorok and Shreyas Sundaram and Mario F. M. Campos and Vijay Kumar},
    
    doi = {10.23919/ACC.2017.7962962},
    
    year  = {2017},
    
    date = {2017-01-01},
    
    urldate = {2017-01-01},
    
    booktitle = {2017 American Control Conference (ACC)},
    
    pages = {252-258},
    
    keywords = {resilient consensus, robot networks, robot swarms},
    
    pubstate = {published},
    
    tppubtype = {inproceedings}
    
    }
  3. Robot trajectories converging into a resilient flocking formation.
    2017Journal article

    Resilient Flocking for Mobile Robot Teams

    Kelsey Saulnier, David Saldaña, Amanda Prorok, George J. Pappas, Vijay Kumar

    IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters

    BibTeX
    @article{7822915,
    
    title = {Resilient Flocking for Mobile Robot Teams},
    
    author = {Kelsey Saulnier and David Saldaña and Amanda Prorok and George J. Pappas and Vijay Kumar},
    
    doi = {10.1109/LRA.2017.2655142},
    
    year  = {2017},
    
    date = {2017-01-01},
    
    urldate = {2017-01-01},
    
    journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters},
    
    volume = {2},
    
    number = {2},
    
    pages = {1039-1046},
    
    keywords = {resilient consensus, robot networks, robot swarms},
    
    pubstate = {published},
    
    tppubtype = {article}
    
    }

05

Environmental monitoring

Robotic sensor networks that estimate and track evolving environmental boundaries.

  1. Robotic boat used to estimate changing environmental boundaries.
    2021Journal article

    Estimating boundary dynamics using robotic sensor networks with pointwise measurements

    David Saldana, Renato Assunçao, M. Ani Hsieh, Mario F.M. Campos, Vijay Kumar

    Autonomous Robots

    BibTeX
    @article{auros18,
    
    title = {Estimating boundary dynamics using robotic sensor networks with pointwise measurements},
    
    author = {David Saldana and Renato Assunçao and M. Ani Hsieh and Mario F.M. Campos and Vijay Kumar},
    
    year  = {2021},
    
    date = {2021-01-01},
    
    urldate = {2021-01-01},
    
    journal = {Autonomous Robots},
    
    volume = {45},
    
    number = {2},
    
    pages = {193--208},
    
    publisher = {Springer},
    
    keywords = {boundary estimation, environmental monitoring, multi-robot system, robot boat, robot sensor network},
    
    pubstate = {published},
    
    tppubtype = {article}
    
    }
  2. Robotic boats monitoring a changing boundary in water.
    2017Conference paper

    Cooperative prediction of time-varying boundaries with a team of robots

    David Saldaña, Renato Assunção, M. Ani Hsieh, Mario F. M. Campos, Vijay Kumar

    2017 International Symposium on Multi-Robot and Multi-Agent Systems (MRS)

    BibTeX
    @inproceedings{8250925,
    
    title = {Cooperative prediction of time-varying boundaries with a team of robots},
    
    author = {David Saldaña and Renato Assunção and M. Ani Hsieh and Mario F. M. Campos and Vijay Kumar},
    
    doi = {10.1109/MRS.2017.8250925},
    
    year  = {2017},
    
    date = {2017-01-01},
    
    urldate = {2017-01-01},
    
    booktitle = {2017 International Symposium on Multi-Robot and Multi-Agent Systems (MRS)},
    
    pages = {9-16},
    
    keywords = {resilient consensus, robot networks, robot swarms},
    
    pubstate = {published},
    
    tppubtype = {inproceedings}
    
    }
  3. Mobile robot tracing and predicting an environmental boundary.
    2016Journal article

    Predicting Environmental Boundary Behaviors With a Mobile Robot

    David Saldaña, Renato Assunção, Mario F. M. Campos

    IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters

    BibTeX
    @article{ral16,
    
    title = {Predicting Environmental Boundary Behaviors With a Mobile Robot},
    
    author = {David Saldaña and Renato Assunção and Mario F. M. Campos},
    
    doi = {10.1109/LRA.2016.2522500},
    
    issn = {2377-3766},
    
    year  = {2016},
    
    date = {2016-07-01},
    
    urldate = {2016-07-01},
    
    journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters},
    
    volume = {1},
    
    number = {2},
    
    pages = {1133-1139},
    
    keywords = {boundary estimation, environmental monitoring, multi-robot system, robot sensor network},
    
    pubstate = {published},
    
    tppubtype = {article}
    
    }
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